REVOLT OF MUTINY, 1857

REVOLT OF MUTINY

(Sepoy Mutiny)

Mangal Pandey, Indian sepoy refused to fill cartridge which was applied with dog’s and pig’s fats. He killed a British officer at Barrakpur on 29^th March, 1857. Magal was hanged to death on 8^th April 1857. Indian sepoys went took help of Bahadur Shah-II. Sepoy’s Revolt led by Nana Saheb.

Jhansi adopted a son after losing her husband, Gangadar Rao. Sir Huge Rose attacked Jhansi for conquering Oudh. The land of Jhansi was handed over by the Government under Doctrine of Lopse policy. Rani died on 17^th June, 1858 in the battle.

THE ANGLO-SIKH WARS, 1845-1849

THE ANGLO-SIKH WARS

The Anglo-Sikh War-I (1845 – 1846)

The Sikh army was defeated by Lal Singh by Sir Hugh Gough at Mudki in 1845. Sikhs were defeated by Smith at Aliwal while crossing Sutlej and entering Lahore. The war ended with “Treaty of Lohore 1846”.

Results:- 

• Treaty of Bhairwai was signed.
• Sikhs were asked to pay 22 lakhs

 The Anglo-Sikh War-II (1848 – 1849)

Sikhs planned to take revenge on British after defeated in the first war with them. Rani Jindan transforted to Shaikpur and Benaras.Thus, there was a drastic reduction in the area of Punjab. 

Results:-

• Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie.
• Dalip Singh and Rani Jindan went to England.
• A board of 3 commissioners( Henry, John, Charles Mansel) was constituted in 1849.

THE MARATHA WARS,1775-1818

THE MARATHA WARS

The Maratha War-I (1775 – 1782)

It took long war between Marathas and British. In the beginning Marathas defeated British at Talegaon and forced to sign “Convention of Wadgaon”. Nana Padnavis signed “Treaty of Purandhar 1776”. Marathas were defeated by British headed by Warren Hastings.  British gained the power over Marathwada region. 

Results:-

• Marathas were defeated by British
• Nana Padnavis signed “Treaty of Purandhar 1776”
• Marathas promised English to help them in gaining territories of Hyder Ali.

The Maratha War-II (1803 - 1805)

Marathas fought again with British headed by Lord Wellesly. British defeated combined forces of Sciendhia and Bhonsle at Assaye in September,1803 and November 1803. The two chiefs of Marathas accepted and signed “Subsidiary Alliance”.

Results:-

• Bhonsle signed “Treaty of Deogaon”
• Sciendhia surrendered territories between Jamuna and Ganges to British.
• Marathas handed over many places to British.

The Maratha War-III (1817 - 1818)

Maratha ruler Peshwa-Baji rajo – II became dependent with pension under British company. Peshwa tried his last attempt on British and attacked British Residency at Poona in Novermber  1817. Peshwa was defeated at Khirki in November 1817. A small kingdom of SATARA was founded out of Peshwa’s land and given to Shivaji, Pratap Singh. Thus, all Marathas chiefs were reduced to subordinate position under British.

Results:-

• Entire Maratha emphire was surrendered to British.
• Remaining were made as dependants of pension.

THE ANGLO-MYSORE WARS

THE ANGLO-MYSORE WARS

The Anglo - Mysore War-I (1767 – 1769)

East India Company tried to occupy Mysore completely. Hyder Ali and with French Army fought with British Army at Trincomalai, but were DEFEATED. Again Hyder fought with British regaining power. This time also he was defeated by British army. Both parties concluded to hand over their belonging areas. They met with a peace “Treaty of Madras”.

 Results:- 

• Hyder Ali was defeated
• They returned back conquered areas.
• The Treaty of Madras signed.

The Anglo – Mysore War-II (1780 – 1784)

Due to the failure of Treaty of Madras, the war broke between them again in 1780. He attacked English army with his 80,000 soldiers.In the long battle, Hyder Ali.His son, Tippu Sulthan continued to finght against British Rulers.

Results:-

• Hyder Ali was again defeated by British Army.
• In the middle of the battle, Hyder died due to CANCER.
• Tippu signed “Treaty of Mangalore.”

 The Anglo – Mysore War-III (1786 – 1793)

Lord Coron Wallis, governor general decided to finish the power of Tippu Sulthan. Tippu fought in a heroic manner, but was defeated.

Results:-

• Tippu army fought with British army
• His heroic fight brought no victory to Tippu.
• Tippu signed “Treaty of Srirangapatnam.”

The Anglo – Mysore War-IV (1799)

War broke again between Tippu Sulthan and Lord Wellesly. Tippu Sulthan was defeated, seriously wounded and died. With this war, it came to an end and English became the masters of Mysore.

Results:-

• Tippu Sulthan fought with British
• He was deated
• Died in the battle field.
• End of Mysore wars.